高层建筑气动弹性的初步研究_大学生毕业设计（论文）.docVIP

摘要 随着科学技术的进步、社会的发展和城市化进程的加快，300米以上的高层建筑得到了迅猛地发展。由使用新材料、新工艺和新的施工技术建造起来的超高层建筑通常是轻质高揉结构，这类建筑对于风环境特别敏感，风荷载已成为超高层建筑的重要控制荷载。 大量实验表明，超高层建筑的横风向动力响应通常要比顺风向的大。在工程应用中，横风向的等效静态风荷载有时甚至起到了决定性的作用。对于一些结构平面不规则的建筑，由于结构与风之间会相互影响，有时会使结构响应急剧放大而导致结构不稳定乃至破坏，影响结构使用和安全。因此，需要对一些超高层建筑进行气动弹性效应影响的研究。 本文根据在建或已建成的众多超高层建筑为考虑对象，设计制作了具有一定通用性的方形截面气动弹性模型。该模型对应的原型为455m高，宽51米，高宽比为9：1。通过一系列的加速度风洞试验，运用随机减量技术(RDT)结合ERA特征模态分析法识别出了结构的动力响应参数。同时根据高层建筑结构振动控制原理，设计了倒悬质量块的减振装置(TMD)。通过可调质量块来改变减振装置的参数，使其达到最好的减振结果。结果发现，减振参数的选取对减振效果起着重要的关系。在00时对x方向（顺风向），降低了振动响应；由于减振装置的安装使结构的固有特性发生了改变，使得其对y方向（横风向）振动响应的控制非常有限，没有达到预期的效果。 最后，通过和刚体模型数据进行了对比，发现在正常情况下，结构是很安全的，刚体模型试验数据是可靠的。虽然达到一定风速时，会有负的气动阻尼产生，但这只是短暂的且数值很小，可以忽略其影响。 关键词：风洞实验；气弹模型；高层建筑；气动阻尼；随机减量技术；TMD减振控制；  Abstract Along with societys development、improvement of technology and city-lized proceeding, many tall buildings are being constructed rapidly. For the use of new material、new craft and new construction technique， constructions are turning softer and lighter. To this kind of construction, the structure is especially sensitive to wind load. The wind load has become the extra-high buildings important controlling load. Massive experiments indicate that extra-high buildings dynamic response in crosswind is usually greater than that in along wind. In projects application, the equivalent crosswinds static wind load may play a decisive role. To some irregular structures, because of mutual influence between the structure and wind load, sometimes the dynamic response may be made to enlarge suddenly and cause the structure unstable. This will affect the structures use and security. Therefore, we need to do some aerodynamic research about the extra-high buildings. In this articles 3rd chapter, we design and manufacture a elastic model based on Guangzhou west tower which is 432m high, 3rd high in china and 6th in the world. The building selects triangle round arc plane and uses core barrel encryption rib column structure. Through a series of acceleration wind tunnel test, use Random D