双态量子系统及其应用 毕业论文.doc

毕业论文 题 目 学 院 专 业 班 级 学 生 学 号 指导教师 二〇一一 年月日ABSTRACT Two-state systems have two independent quantum states and can be described in a two-dimensional Hilbert space. In this paper, we introduce the concept of two-state systems and enumerate two typical examples, the polarization of light quantum and the electron spin. We represent how to study a two-state system generally and how to deal with problems using matrix algebra. We study ammonia molecule system in depth using the Schr?dinger equation, write the matrix form of the equation by matrix algebra, and we can get the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, the probability amplitude oscillation between two basis states of the system. We also introduce the level jump of the two-state systems in field, the quantum resonance happens when the frequency of the field is resonant frequency. At last, we introduce two applications of the two-state systems, one is the ammoina master, the other is nuclear magnetic resonance. Key words：two-state systems; the polarization of light quantum; electron spin; ammonia molecule; the matrix form of the Schr?dinger equation; quantum resonance; ammoina master; nuclear magnetic resonance 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1引言 1 1.1双态量子系统的概念 1 1.2具体的描述 1 1.2.1光子的偏振态 1 1.2.2电子的自旋态 2 1.3双态量子系统的研究方法 2 2 一个典型的双态量子系统 4 2.1氨分子 4 2.2双态系统的能级跃迁 8 3双态量子系统的应用 12 3.1氨分子频标