如何写毕业论文How to do academic research.docVIP

How to do academic research? 如何写毕业论文 毕业论文的撰写及答辩考核是取得高等教育考试本科毕业文凭的重要环节之一，也是衡量毕业生是否达到全日制普通高校相同层次相同专业的学力水平的重要依据之一。research and a research paper is about? 1. What is research? --- a systematic inquiry consisting of three elements or components: 1) a question, problem, or hypothesis; 2) data 3) analysis and interpretation of data (Nunan 2002[1992]:3) 1.1Goals of linguistic research and applied linguistic research Linguistics: the study of the nature of language; researches are done on language systems in stead of individual human language behavior Applied linguistics: the study of the uses that man makes of language and the problems he encounters in doing so, a problem-solving discipline.(researches done on language uses in classroom, workplace, the law-court, or the lab.) TEFL/TESL: a sub-area of AL, the study of learning English as a foreign or second language (Knowledge of the nature of language; knowledge of language use; knowledge of language learning; knowledge of languages) When we understand the goals of linguistic research, and understand research by type, then we can decide what kind of research we want and we can do. 1.2 Research by type Theoretical and applied (purpose) Deductive and inductive (procedure) Deductive: theory—hypothesis—observation—confirmation Inductive: Observation—pattern—hypothesis---theory Theoretical and empirical (method) Qualitative and Quantitative (data) Qualitative: Researchers do not set out to test hypotheses, but to observe what is present with their focus, and consequently the data, free to vary during the process of observation.(subjectivity) Quantitative: experiment designed to test a hypothesis through the use of objective instruments and appropriate statistical analyses.(objectivity) Primary and secondary (source of information) Primary: empirical research (survey, questionnaire, get the data by oneself) Secondary: library research or documentary research, often with the aim of surveying