翻译方法与技巧6.ppt

直译不等于死译(dead translation): 例：街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。 Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning. “In the street” should be replaced by “in the community”. 例：她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹。 She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. “Public father” should be “father in law”. 意译的例子：It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple 例： Little fish does not eat big fish. 直译：小鱼不吃大鱼；意译：胳膊拧不过大腿 例：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 直译：Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight. 意译：The weather and human life are both unpredictable. 有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translation is like dancing in fetters）；还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。实际上，忠实与通顺的关系是辩证关系。 Thanks For Your Attention！ 3. 减译法 (omission) 英译汉 化繁为简 1）There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees and the grass was dead. 译文1：天还未还没有雪，但是叶子已经从树上落下，草也枯死了。 译文2：雪还没下，但已叶落草枯。?? 2) Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 3) The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others. 与人同乐才是真快乐。 4) It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather! （一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。 3. 减译法 (omission) 汉译英 减译的原则： 1、原文中重复出现的词语 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。 We won’t retreat, we never have and never will. 2、原文中表示范畴的词语 汉语中的一些名词，如“任务”、“工作”、“情况”、“状态”、 “问题”、“制度”、“事业”、“局面”等用来表示范畴时常失去具体意义，一般省略不译。 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。 For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country. 3、可能影响译文修辞效果的词语 花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。（周而复《上海的早晨》） The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. 4. 词类转换法(conversion) 当英汉语言在语法和习惯表达上出现不对等，有时在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文有必要改变词类，这叫词性转换。另一种转换，出于同一种原理，但是涉及的是将词转换成短语或短句，这以英文中的名词转换成中文短句居多。 英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要