英国国家概况全.doc

英国国家概况 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 2012/3/25 Chapter1 国土与人民 1、UK地理名称：the British Isles, Great Britain, England are all geographical names. 2、The 3、两个大岛：The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. 4、联合王国的正式国名：the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 5、爱尔兰独立时间：It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin. 首都是“都柏林”. 6、大不列颠岛上的三个政治区：There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 7、用英格兰代指英国原因：England is the largest, most populous and generally speaking the richest section. 8、英国人口和面积：Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area. 英国成为帝国占有世界四分之一的人口和面积。 9、大英帝国消失时间：The British Empire gradually disappeared and ti was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931. 被英联邦所取代。 10、英联邦的含义：The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain, Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth (1991). 它是一个自由独立的联合体曾经是英国的殖民地，成员国一起进行经济和贸易协议。目前有50个成员国。 11、英国的地理特征：It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North sea in the east.它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。 12、苏格兰三大自然区：There are three natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands. 北部山地,中部低地,南部高原. 13、中部低地主要组成：The Lowlands in the centre comprise mostly the Forth and Clyde valleys, coal and iron fields and dairy pasture. 14、中部是苏格兰最重要的地区：It is the most important area which contains most of the industry and population. 15、祖先：The English are Anglo-Sxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts. Chapter2 英国起源 1、凯尔特人：The Celts began to arrive about 700BC. They came to Britain in three main waves. 他们入侵有3次高潮。 2、三次高潮入侵的人：The first wave