English Lexicology 词汇学.ppt

English Lexicology(I) * Examples of Derivational Affixes Prefix Grammatical category of base Grammatical category of output Example in- Adj Adj inaccurate un- Adj Adj unkind un- V V untie dis- V V dis-like dis- Adj Adj dishonest re- V V rewrite ex- N N ex-wife en- N V encourage English Lexicology(I) * Examples of Derivational Affixes Suffix Grammatical category of base Grammatical category of output Example -hood N N child-hood -ship N N leader-ship -fy N V beauti-fy -ic N Adj poet-ic -less N Adj power-less -ful N Adj care-ful -al V N refus-al -er V N read-er English Lexicology(I) * Sum: Inflection and Derivation Derivational morphemes are used to create new lexical items (lexemes). Inflectional morphemes only contribute to the inflectional paradigm词形变化 of the lexemes, which lists all the word-forms of the lexeme. English Lexicology(I) * Relations between the two classifications Morphemes may be classified as free and bound. They can also be classified into roots/affixes. The relationship between the two classifications of morphemes discussed above may be graphically shown in the following diagram: English Lexicology(I) * 4.2 Types of Morphemes Diagram of morphemes Morphemes Free Bound Bound root Affixes Inflectional Derivational Prefix Suffix English Lexicology(I) * classification on a morphemic level. On this level, words, according to the number and type of morphemes they contain, can be classified into: (1) simple words: those consisting of a single morpheme, such as man, work, kind; English Lexicology(I) * (2) derived words: those which are the result of a derivational process. Such words usually consist of a free morpheme and one (or more than one) bound morpheme, such as fruitless, fruitful, unfruitful, unfruitfulness; (3) compound words: those which are composed of two or more free morphemes, e.g. deep structure, spacesuit, forget-me-not, stick-in-the-mud, and jack of all trades. English Lexicology(I) * 4.3 Morph and allomorph The definition of mo