subjunctive虚拟语气专题.docVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设，猜测、建议、可能或空想等等。虚拟语气通常用在表示非真实 的条件从句、含蓄条件从句，as if/as though引导的从句以及动词wish等之后的宾语从句中等等。 1》虚拟语气在非真实条件中的三种用法表示与现在事实相反的情况时，非真实条件从句(Sentence of Unreal Condition)中的动词用过去式(be的过去式，通常用were,有时第三人称单数亦用was)，主句的动词用would/should/could或者might + 动词原形。If I had time I would go for a walk.假如我有时间，我就去散步。If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party·假如邀请我,我会去赴宴。I would study very hard if I were you·假如我是你的话，我就努力学习。If she knew about it now she would come. 她现在要是知道这件事的话，她是会来的。If I did not water the vegetables every day, they would/could not grow so well. 如果我不是每天给菜浇水，菜就不会(不可能)长得那么好。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，非真实条件从句的动词用had+过去分词，主句的动词用would/would/could或might have + 过去分词。If Sadam hadn’t invaded Kuwait in 1990, there would have been no Gulf War in 1990. If the doctor had been careful, I wouldn’t have had this operation. If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 如果你当时接受了他的劝告;你是不会犯这样的错误的。3)表示与将来事实很可能相反或实现的可能性不大的条件时，主句的动词形式用would/should/could/might十动词原形。从句的动词有三种情况: I)用动词过去式 这种表示将来时间的假设条件句，在结构上与表示现在事实相反的假设条件句相同。由于两种结构相同，为了明确所表示的时间，有时需要在从句中加上时间状语。例如：If she got a scholarship next year, she could be able to go on for graduate study in Canada.假如她明年能得到奖学金，她就能在加拿大继续攻读研究生课程。 If they cme tomorrow, they would find me in the workshop. 2)用 were to + 动词不定式 If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.假如你赶不上火车，你可以乘公共汽车。 If she were to start early tomorrow morning, she could be at her destination by evening. 假如她明天早上二早动身，傍晚她就会到达目的地了。 3)用should + 动词原形 If there should be an accident, it would be a tragedy. 假如发生意外，那将是一场悲剧。If it should rain, the football match would be put off.如果今天下午下雨，排球比赛就延期举行。 If I should do it, I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这事，我就用另外一种方法。[注]一般情况下，主句中should只用于第一人称。但若表示允许、决定等等特殊含义时，也可以用于其他人称。would可以用于任何人称。 2》错综时间条件句 有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作在发生的时间上不一致。例如，一个与过去事实相反 另一个与现在事实相反 这种句子可称为错综时间条件句 (Conditional Sen- tences of Mixed Time)。遇到这种情况，就要根据不同的时间