宾语从句教案.docVIP

宾语从句 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 宾语从句的连接词： 1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,由that引导, 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，也无词义，常被省略。I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane. 2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句 充当时,由if或whether引导, 它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether： ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.④宾语从句在句首whether。 3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句 充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词, 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. ( I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) 语序问题：宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。即按照主语，谓语的顺序。 （1）be, will/shall/would/, can/may/must Could/might, have/has/had 放在主语之后。 Do you know what his e-mail address is?She didn’t know what she should do next. （2）句中有助动词 do does did 时，把助动词去掉，动词恢复原状。即动词原形，动词第三人称单数形式（+s）和动词过去式形式（+ed）。 He asks me if I come from Japan. He wondered when he left here. He doesn’t know where she lives. 宾语从句的时态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。 1.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，从句的动词仍保持原来时态。 2.如果主句谓语动词为过去时，从句的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He told me he would take part in the sports meet. 【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. The teacher said light goes faster than sound.