幼学琼林中英互译课件.pptVIP

幼学琼林Children’s Readings （明）程登吉 编著 Compiled by Cheng Dengji (Ming Dynasty) （清）邹圣脉 增补 Supplemented by Zou Shengmai (Qing Dynasty) 李照国 译注 Translated and annotated by Li Zhaoguo 卷一 Volume I天文 Astronomy 混沌初开，乾坤始奠。 混沌：天地未形成之前的元气状态。乾坤：天地。奠：形成。 Separation of the chaos ，laying the foundation for the heavens and the earth. 气之较清上浮者为天，气之重浊下凝者为地。 气：元气。凝：结。《黄帝内经·素问·阴阳应象大论第五》：“故清阳为天，浊阴为地。地气上为云，天气下为雨。雨出地气，云出天气。” The lucid air ascended to form the heavens and the turbid air descended to constitute the earth. 日月五星，谓之七政；天地与人，谓之三才。 五星：指金、木、水、火、土五星。三才：《周易?系辞下》称天道、地道、人道为三才，后用以泛指天、地、人。《文心雕龙?原道》：“仰观吐曜，俯察含章；高卑定位，故两仪既生矣。惟人参之，性灵所钟，是谓三才。”古人认为，天能覆物，地能载物，而人是万物之灵。《文心雕龙?原道》认为，人“为五行之秀，实天地之心。” The moon, the sun and the five stars are known as the seven most important celestial bodies; the heavens, the earth and man are regarded as the greatest powers in the universe. 日为众阳之宗，月乃太阴之象。虹名螮蝀，乃天地之淫气；月里蟾蜍，是月魄之精光。 宗：宗主，主宰。象：仪象。 The sun is the source of all Yang while the moon is the manifestation of supreme Yin. 螮蝀：音地东。蟾蜍：传说后羿请不死药于西王母，其妻嫦娥窃而食之，奔月宫，遂化为蟾蜍。 The rainbow, known as Didong, is the crystallization of the turbid Qi from the heavens and the earth; the shadow in the moon, compared to a toad, is the accumulation of the lunar essence. 风欲起而石燕飞，天将雨而商羊舞。风名为羊角，闪电号曰雷鞭。 石燕：零陵山之石燕，遇风雨即飞，雨止复变为石头。商羊：鸟名，传说只有一只。 When wind is about to blow, the Stone Swallow will fly; when it is going to rain, the bird called Shangyang starts to dance. 羊角：《庄子》“有鸟名鹏，翼若垂天之云搏扶摇羊角而上者九万里”。雷鞭：《淮南子》“雷以电为鞭，电光照处，谓之裂缺” Whirlwind is known as Yangjiao (literally goat or sheep horn) while lightning is termed Leibian (literally Thunder Whip). 青女乃霜之神，素娥即月之号。雷部至捷之鬼曰律令，雷部推车之女曰阿香。 素娥：即嫦娥。 Qingnǚ (literally blue girl) is the name of frost goddess and Su’e (pretty young woman wearing plain clothes) is the title of the moon goddess. 律令：《搜神记》“律令，周穆王时人，善走，死为雷部之鬼”。阿香：雷部推车之鬼。 In the field of thunder, the ghost that runs the fastest is Lǚling and the maiden that pushes the carriage is Axiang. 云师系是丰隆，雪神乃是滕六。列缺乃电之神，望舒是月之御。 歘焱火、谢仙，俱掌雷火；飞廉、箕伯