常见形近词辨析完整版.doc

abide, adhere, conform, comply　　这四个高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。　　abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。　　I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。　　adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)　　Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。　　conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。　　All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。　　comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。　　Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。abnormal, uncommon, disordered　　这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。　　abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。　　His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)　　uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。　　Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。　　That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！　　disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。　　We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish　　这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。　　abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。　　The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。　　cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。　　The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。　　eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。　　The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。　　The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。　　dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)　After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。　　erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。　　I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。　　exclude v.排斥；排除,不包括在内,与include互为反义词。　　The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。　　extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。　　Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。abstract, digest, outline, summary　　这一组名词都有“要点，