论媒介生态系统构成(修订版）.doc

论媒介生态系统的构成、规划与管理 邵培仁 (浙江大学传播研究所 浙江 杭州 310028) [摘要] 媒介生态系统指在一定的空间内通过能量流动和相互作用、相互依存而构成的一个。生态规划、生态工程规划和生态管理规划社会革新on the Structure, Planning and Management of Media Ecosystem Shao Pei-ren (Institute of Communication, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China) interdependent Abstract: Media ecosystem is a homeostatic unity constructed by interaction and interdependence of substance-exchange, energy flow and information communication among human beings, medium, society and nature. As a hub of substance-exchange, energy flow and information communication, media ecosystem is an organic unity and a variable life system with open, dynamic and balanceable early-alarm functions. It can be classified into natural and social environments (the latter including political, economic, cultural, technical environment, etc), the first-level producers (communicator), the second-level producers (media) and the third-level producers (marketing), consumers (audience) and disintegrators (recycler). Media ecosystem is consisted of morphological and functional structures, the scientific planning of which should begin with the programming of media ecology system, project and management following the rational procedure and integral interaction route, through social reformation and human intervention，to form a circulatory food chain and a green ecological chain of media ecosystem. Keywords: media ecosystem, deep ecology, ecology planning, circulatory food chain, green ecological chain 文化是基因不易改变，文明是肌肤可以改善。媒介生态系统论将人←→媒介←→社会←→自然四者之间形成的生态系统看成是互相影响、彼此依存的统一整体。阿乔,1871～1955指在一定的空间内通过能量流动和相互作用、相互依存而构成的一个。德国社会学家尼克拉斯·鲁曼(N. Luhmann)曾说过：“一般系统理论和控制论，在传统古典系统理论把部分和整体的关系当作基本概念之外，又附加上一个新的模式去强调系统同它的环境的区分。这个新的典范使得系统的结构，包括区分化的形式，连同系统的过程一起，都同时地同环境相关”。然而，环境讲的是时空的交集，而生态却讲时空中因果与消长的交织。 《中庸》说：“万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖”；“唯天下之至诚，为能尽其性，则能尽物之性，则能尽人之性；能尽人之性，则能尽物之性；能尽物之性，则可以赞天地之化育；可以赞天地之化育，则可以与天地参矣。”这里所描绘的是一幅整体的社会和谐、万物共荣、良性循环的美丽图景：天覆地载，万物并育而不相害；四时日月，错行代明而不相悖。同样，媒介生态系统中的种群与环境、人和媒介同社会和自然也是不可分割的复合体或统一体。作为整体生态系统中的人，必须认识到：“完整的人”应该既是物质与