如何利用并列和递进关系词解答托福阅读.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 如何利用并列和递进关系词解答托福阅读 摘要： 本文通过具体的实例为大家介绍如何利用并列和递进关系词解答托福阅读，助力大家备战托福。  说到并列词，and一定是最先浮现在脑海中的;那么not only...but also...肯定是递进关系词的榜首。在 托福 阅读的解题过程中，我们把并列和递进归为一类，这些词的前后一定句型结构相同，词性一样，方向一致。当我们知道这个规律之后，我们至少可以在词汇题上可以大幅度运用，利用方向帮助我们排除错误答案。下面就举例为大家讲解一下。  例题1：  Paragraph 5: There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicateecological balance andare limitedin their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel.  The word delicatein the passage is closest in meaning to  Afragile  Bpredictable  Ccomplex  Dvaluable  在做词汇题时，如果我们认识这个词，就可以浏览选项，直接选出它的同义词，再把答案带入原文，看是否合适，这样做不仅快速并且保证正确率;如果这个单词我们不认识，亦或是不确定它的意思，我们可以分析这个单词所在的这句话，看看是否可以通过逻辑关系词来解答这道题。  这句话我们看到有and，所以是并列结构，and连接了什么成分，从and之后开始看会更容易，这句话接的是are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures，所以并列两个动词短语，和前面的exist in a delicate ecological balance。and之后的方向明显是负的，因为有个表示“有限的”的形容词，所以and之前的信息也是负方向，我们再看看选项，除了fragile，predictable表示“可以预测的”中性词;complex“复杂的”中性词;valuable“宝贵的”正方向的词，所以答案是A。  表示并列的词还有：as well as, 表示递进的关系词有：besides, in addition to, additionally, moreover, furthermore, apart from。  下面我们来看一道修辞目的题：  Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930’s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950’s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the c