托福阅读段落找主题的方法.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读段落找主题的方法 摘要： 了解段落展开方式对于把握与段落主题有关的修辞目的题和文章摘要题非常有效。例如，修辞目的题有时问段落的写作目的，有时问段落的结构，都等于从写作手法，即段落展开方式上问段落主题。  托福 阅读题目都是根据段落顺序出题的，所以快速有效的分析段落大意对于解题有很大的帮助，我们在解答很多题型的时候都会涉及到段落主题，那么如何快速找出段落主题呢?  很多 托福阅读 段落属于总-分结构，即段落开始为段落主题句，其他部分为支撑细节，具体论证方式有举例、对比比较、定义、分类、提供数据支持、类比、过程描述等，此时的段落目的对应段落开始的主题句。例如，  例一(总-分结构)  Paragraph 7: About 90 percent of modern humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral hemisphere, and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70,000–35,000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right, and the same was found for brains of specimens from Neanderthal, Gibraltar, and La Quina.  What is the authors primary purpose in paragraph 7?  (A) To illustrate the importance of studying the brain  (B) To demonstrate that human beings are the only mammal to desire fine control of movement  (C) To contrast the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain  (D) To demonstrate that right-hand preference has existed for a long time  根据一般段落的总-分结构，可以判断首句为主题句，所以第四个选项为正确答案。文中主要描述大脑左半球的功能，未与大脑右半球的功能进行比较，所以第三个选项为干扰选项。  例二(总-分结构)  Paragraph 6: Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the