关于重金属废水处理方法的综述(李志宏)(改2)教材.docx

关于重金属废水处理方法的综述 ——以某铅锌选矿废水处理工程设计为例 摘要：水体重金属污染已经是我国和世界上最严重的环境问题之一，而且这些重金属废水主要来自机械加工、矿山开采、废旧电池垃圾处理、金属冶炼等工业生产排放的废水。本文以铅锌选矿废水为例，介绍了近年来重金属废水常见的处理方法及各处理法的优缺点。目前常见的处理方法有化学沉淀法、混凝法、还原法、离子交换法、膜分离法、吸附法、电化学法等，这些都是物理法、化学法或者是物理化学法。而在具体工程实践中很少用生物法或者物理化学法与生物法结合去除废水中的重金属。最后总结了目前最常见最经济的处理铅锌选矿废水的方法并探讨了未来重金属废水处理的发展方向。 关键词：重金属污染 铅锌选矿废水 处理方法 优缺点 Review On the Treatment of Heavy Metal Wastewater ——Taking a Lead and Zinc ore dressing wastewater treatment engineering design as an example Abstract: Heavy metal pollution of water body is one of the most serious problems in our country even all the world.And the heavy metal wastewater mainly comes from mechanical processing,mining,waste battery emissions processing,metal smelting and other industrial wastewater. This paper, taking the lead-zinc ore dressing wastewater as an example, introduces the factors of heavy metal wastewater treatment method in recent years and the common advantages and disadvantages of the methods and influencing factor. Current treatment methods include chemical precipitation, coagulation method, reduction method, ion exchange, membrane separation, adsorption method, electrochemical method and so on, these are physical method, chemical method or physical chemistry method. But in practice, few biological or physical chemical method combining with biological method are used to remove the heavy metals in waste water, and the treated wastewater utilization rate is very low. Finally,the paper summarizes the most common method and the most economical processing in lead-zinc ore dressing wastewater process at the moment and discusses the development direction of the heavy metal wastewater treatment in the future. Key words: heavy metal wastewater lead-zinc ore dressing wastewater treatment methord advantage and disadvantage influencing factor 某铅锌选矿废水主要的污染因子为有机物（主要是选矿药剂）、pH值、重金属离子（铅和锌）和悬浮物SS。重金属元素是选矿废水中主要的有毒有害污染物，在自然界中很难降解，对环境有很大的潜在威胁。此外选矿药剂多为重金属络合剂或螯合剂，容易与其他有害金属结合造成二次污染，一旦进入水体、土壤就会造成很大的危害[1]，所以如何有效地去除选矿废水中的污染物是目前研究的主要课