膳食营养与健康(马冠生教授).ppt

来源：中华人民共和国卫生部：中国吸烟危害健康报告。人民卫生出版社，2011，北京。 * * * * 1982至2009/2010年度每日吸烟人士（15岁或以上）人口比例。香港特别行政区政府统计处的主题性住房统计调查 The daily cigarette smoking prevalence among the Hong Kong population dropped to 11.1 per cent in 2010, the lowest rate in the past 30 years. The Head of the Tobacco Control Office of the Department of Health (DH), Dr Raymond Ho, said at a press conference today (August 24) that the 2010 daily cigarette smoking rate in Hong Kong represented a drop of more than half from the high point of 23.3 per cent in 1982. He was quoting figures from the Thematic Household Survey 2010 conducted by the Census and Statistics Department.Over the years, the Government and the community have made a committed effort in the areas of taxation, legislation and law enforcement, health promotion and provision of smoking cessation services, resulting in the gradual reduction in smoking prevalence.The survey, conducted from October to December 2010, also showed that nearly half of the daily cigarette smokers (44.3 per cent) had tried or wanted to give up smoking.  * Fig 2 Trends in overall weekly number of emergency admissions for myocardial infarction (average daily count) from January 2000 to September 2008. Note, weekly numbers of admissions are sum of four graphs in figure 1 法律生效后，心肌梗死急性发病明显降低，开始时比较微弱，随着时间的推移，特别是生效15个月时，急性心肌梗死发病明显降低了。 * * 第一类为谷类及薯类，谷类包括米、面、杂粮，薯类包括马铃薯、甘薯、木薯等，主要提供碳水化合物、蛋白质、膳食纤维及B族维生素。第二类为动物性食物，包括肉、禽、鱼、奶、蛋等，主要提供蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、维生素A、B族维生素和维生素D。第三类为豆类和坚果，包括大豆、其他干豆类及花生、核桃、杏仁等坚果类，主要提供蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、矿物质、B族维生素和维生素E。第四类为蔬菜、水果和菌藻类，主要提供膳食纤维、矿物质、维生素C、胡萝卜素、维生素K及有益健康的植物化学物质。第五类为纯能量食物，包括动植物油、淀粉、食用糖和酒类，主要提供能量。动植物油还可提供维生素E和必需脂肪酸。 * 骨骼的正常发育经过婴儿期、儿童期和青春期，到成人早期发育成熟。成人骨骼的45%是在青春期形成。人体对钙的需要量也在婴儿期和青春期最高，这一时期对钙的吸收率也最高，分别达到35%-45%和40%-45%。正常的骨骼发育一般在30岁左右达到峰值骨量，儿童青少年期的钙营养状况对成年人骨量的高低起着决定性的作用。 * * 胖 男 85 厘米 2.55 尺女 80 厘米 2.4 尺 血压计 电子腕式血压计 上臂式血压计 水银柱式血压计 高血压的危害 收缩压降低10 mmHg 中风的危险性就可减少56% 冠心病危险性减少37% 计步器 步行 3000步 6000步 10000步 与缺乏锻炼相关的疾病 至少十七种慢性疾病与锻炼不足密切相关 高血压 糖尿病 冠心病 脑中风 骨质疏松症 癌症（乳腺