浮选2(双语)资料.ppt

3 Flotation reagents 3.1 浮选药剂的分类和作用 3.2 捕收剂 3.3 调整剂 3.2.1 捕收剂的分类 3.2.2 捕收剂的结构 3.2.3 硫代化合物类捕收剂(巯氢基捕收剂) 3.2.4 有机酸类(烃基含氧酸类或氧化矿)捕收剂 3.2.5 胺类捕收剂 3.2.6 非极性油类捕收剂 3.3 调整剂 3.3.1 活化剂 3.3.2 抑制剂 3.3.3 介质调整剂 3.3.4 起泡剂 为什么要使用浮选药剂？ 使用浮选药剂的目的： 由于自然界的大部分矿物都是亲水的，为了使矿物之间分离，必须人为地控制矿物的浮选行为，如采用捕收剂就可以选择性提高某些矿物的疏水性，使用抑制剂可选择性提高某些矿物的亲水性，人为提高不同矿物之间的润湿性差异，从而达到分离矿物的目的。因此浮选药剂是浮选研究的核心。 Most minerals are not naturally hydrophobic, so that various reagents must be added to the pulp for selective control of the wet-ability of various mineral surfaces and to achieve the desired frothing. 浮选药剂可分为哪几种类型？分别起什么作用？ 3.1 浮选药剂的分类和作用(classification and application) 捕收剂的结构是什么？各部分起什么作用？ 3.2 捕收剂(Collector) 捕收剂可分为哪几种类型？ 3.2.1 捕收剂的分类 classifications Collectors are organic compounds. They may be ionizing compounds, which dissociate into ions in water, or non-ionizing compounds, which are practically insoluble, and render the mineral water repellent by covering its surface with a thin film. The non-ionizing compounds are basically used for the flotation of naturally flotable minerals, such as coal, graphite, molybdenite, and diamond etc. Ionizing collectors have found very wide application in flotation. They have complex molecules, which are asymmetric(不均匀的) in structure and are heteropolar, i.e. the molecule contains a non-polar hydrocarbon group and a polar group, which may be one of a number of types. The non-polar hydrocarbon radical is hydrophobic, whereas the polar group is hydrophilic. Ionizing collectors are divided into anionic and cationic, in accordance with the type of ion, anion or cation that possesses the hydrophobic affect in water. The structure of sodium oleate, an anionic collector in which the water-repellent hydrocarbon radical constitutes the non-polar part of the molecules, is shown in figure. 捕收剂的结构和作用？ 3.2.2 捕收剂的结构 以黄药(xanthate)为例： Because of chemical, electrical, or physical force between the polar group and mineral surfaces, collectors absorb