国外认知心理学6Chapter11_000课件.pptVIP

Stress and Health Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Learning Objective Menu LO 11.1 Stress LO 11.2 Cognitive factors in stress LO 11.3 Kinds of experiences causing stress LO 11.4 Sources of stress in everyday life LO 11.5 Suicide LO 11.6 Types of conflict LO 11.7 Bodily reaction to stress LO 11.8 Relationship between stress and the immune system LO 11.9 Relationship between stress and personality LO 11.10 Relationship between stress and social factors LO 11.11 Two ways to deal with stress LO 11.12 Psychological defense mechanisms LO 11.13 Meditation to relieve stress LO 11.14 Cultural influences on stress LO 11.15 How being religious helps to cope with stress LO 11.16 Ways to promote wellness in one’s life Stress Stress - the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging. Stressors - events that cause a stress reaction. Distress - the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors. Eustress - the effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. Cognitive Factors of Stress Cognitive appraisal approach - states that how people think about a stressor determines, at least in part, how stressful that stressor will become. Primary appraisal - the first step in assessing a stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge. Secondary appraisal - the second step in assessing a threat, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor. Causes of Stress Catastrophe - an unpredictable, large-scale event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lastin