位抢答器详细分析.doc

8位数字抢答器 摘 要：抢答器作为一种工具，已广泛应用于各种智力和知识竞赛场合。但抢答器的使用频率较低，要么制作复杂，要么可靠性低。如果专门购一台抢答器虽然在经济上可以承受，但每年使用的次数极少，往往因长期存放使抢答器（电子器件的）内部损坏，给用户的使用带来了极大的麻烦，因此设计了本抢答器。 本设计是以八位抢答为基本理念。考虑到依需设定限时回答的功能，利用AT89C51单片机及外围接口实现的抢答系统，利用单片机的定时器/计数器定时和记数的原理，将软、硬件有机地结合起来，使得系统能够正确地进行计时，同时使数码管能够正确地显示时间。用开关做键盘输出，扬声器发生提示。同时系统能够实现：在抢答中，只有开始后抢答才有效，如果在开始抢答前抢答为无效；限定抢答时间和回答问题的时间可在1-30s设定；可以显示是哪位选手有效抢答，正确按键后有3s的音乐提示（即扬声器发出响声）；抢答时间和回答问题时间倒记时显示，满时后系统计时主持人复位及主控强制复位；按键锁定，在有效状态下，按键无效非法。 关键词：占空比，八位按键，限时抢答，主持人复位 Abstract：Responder is a tool, has been widely used in various occasions intelligence and knowledge competitions. But Qiangda is used for lower frequency, and some production complex, or low reliability. As a unit, if specifically to buy a responder although in the economy can bear, but each year the number of are rare, and often because of the long-term storage (electronic devices) Qiangda for damage, to the purchase of the trouble and timeliness will affect the activities carried out, so the design of the the responder. The design is based on eight vies for basic ideas. Taking into account according to need to set the time limit to answer function, using AT89C51 MCU and peripheral interface of the answer in the system, the use of single-chip timer / counter timing and counting principle, software and hardware organically, can show that it is effective which contestant vies to answer first, right button with 5S music presentation (i.e. speaker sound); vies to answer first time and answer questions for the countdown display, full system timing automatic reset and main control forced reset; Keywords： Duty ratio, eight key, time vies to answer first, host reset 目录 1 前言 1 2 方案设计 2 3 硬件单元模块设计 3 3.1 抢答器电路 3 3.2 时序控制电路 4 3.3 复位电路设计 4 3.4 时钟震荡电路 4 3.5 报警电路 5 4 软件设计 6 4.1 系统主程序 6 5 结论与心得 7 6 硬件和软件的调试 8 7 谢辞 9 8 参考文献 10 9 附录1仿真图 11 10 附录2实物图 12 11 附录3 元件清单 13 12 附录4 C语言程序 14 前言 目前无论是国内还是国外，智力抢答类的娱乐节目以其知识的普及性和娱乐宣传性，一直受到广大电视观众的喜好和好评，是全家老少皆宜的电视类节目。说到这类电视节目，就不得不提到节目中的抢答的环节，多位选手在主持人一声令下开始抢答，抢答时间有限，先按抢答器者独占先机，这种情况总是扣人