[张丹丹]授课课件.ppt

1) Identifying the question 2) Analyzing its logical reasoning 3) Identifying and evaluating the conclusion * * healthy sick happy frustrated energetic exhausted full of hope full of despair told a lie told the truth What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels ________________, is found to have a form of _____ that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to ___ him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors _____ that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least ________ the truth until after the family vacation? * * in perfect health cancer tell deny conceal * * NOT an easy decision! Analyzing its logical reasoning Examples Facts Quotations Emotional appeals Transitional markers A Model Analyzing its logical reasoning (Para. 3-9) Studies show that … As one physician wrote… Armed with such a precept, doctors may… Studies show that, contrary to … Not only…they invade.. Dying patients especially … Lies also do harm to … Doctor’s Reasons Para. 3-5 Patient’s Reasons Para. 6-9 Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth. Para. 9: … also … in the long run … as well … contributes to … and thus … in turn … As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept…” Doctors may prescribe innumerable placebos. But the illusory nature of the benefit…; feel betrayed; have been misled; be kept in the dark. * * Facts Quota-tion Examples Emotional Appeals Transitional Markers Identifying and evaluating the conclusion (Para. 10, 11) Sharp con____ are rising. There is urgent need to de____ this issue openly. Medicine Law Government Social Sciences flicts bate 1) Raising a question 2) Supporting through logical reasoning 3) Reaching a conclusion An active and engaging reader A logical and expl