英语论文参考文献格式写法(超详版).doc

Referencing is an important part of any piece of academic writing. References provide evidence that you have read key theories and ideas in order to develop knowledge of your subject. They also show a courtesy to the original author of these theories or ideas and allow the reader (your tutor) to distinguish between what you have read and your own ideas, interpretations and conclusions. Incorrect or bad referencing in your work will be interpreted as plagiarism which is a serious academic offence that will result in disciplinary action. How to reference The two most common systems for citing references are the Harvard system (also called the author/date system) and, for law students or in dissertations, the numeric system. Different subject areas use slight variations of these systems (and other systems do exist) so you must consult your course/module handbook for clarification of the specific conventions that you are expected to use within your subject area(s). References need to appear in two places: within the body of your writing include: author’s surname, year of publication and, if quoting, the exact page number from which the quote is taken; in the bibliography include at least: author’s surname, initial(s), year of publication, title of text/chapter, edition, publisher place of publication; see page 3 for specific details that apply to referencing different sources. 1.1 References within the body of the text - Harvard System There are two ways in which you can reference, or cite, another persons work: by paraphrasing; this shows you have fully interpreted what you have read - see Learning Skills Help Sheet on How to Paraphrase; by quoting directly; follow with a comment to show relevance/understanding If the direct quotation is more than two lines, you should indent it as a separate paragraph e.g.: As Cottrell (2003, p.148) points out “Our views of what is ‘intelligent’ can prevent us from developing our minds to their full potential. People wh