医学英语骨骼资料.ppt

SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions Classification Types of bones, tissues and cells Bone structure (anatomy) Divisions of the skeleton Joints (classification and anatomy of joints) Diseases of the skeletal system Bones of the Skeleton carpals clavicle coccyx femur fibula humerus mandible metacarpals metatarsals patella phalanges pelvis radius ribs sacrum scapula skull sternum tarsals tibia ulna vertebrae Axial Skeleton Skull Vertebral column Rib cage (ribs + sternum) Skull Bones * The Skull consists of 8 CRANIAL BONES + 14 FACIAL BONES * The Ears consists of 6 BONES and * Floating in the throat is 1 HYOID BONE Rib Cage Also called the Thoracic Cage 12 pairs of RIBS 7 true ribs 5 false ribs (2 floating ribs) 1 STERNUM (breastbone) Vertebral Column(spinal column/ backbone) 7 CERVICAL (NECK) VERTEBRAE, 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR, 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 SACRUM, 4 SMALL FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 COCCYX (YOUR TAIL BONE) Shoulder Girdles and Arms The Shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle Consists of 4 bones Upper limbs consist of 60 bones (the hands and wrist contain 54 separate bones). Hip Girdles and Legs The hip girdle is also called the pelvic girdle Consists of 2 bones Lower limbs consist of 60 bones (the anklesand feet contain 52 separate bones) Anatomy of a Joint 2 or more bones Joint capsule Cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Fat Ligaments Bursa Meniscus Tendons * * * 21 22 20 15 19 14 17 18 13 1 4 3 2 7 6 5 9 8 10 16 11 11 21 22 20 19 12 18 15 16 17 13 14 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 7 12 Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella Distal epiphysis Proximal epiphysis diaphysis yellow marrow epiphyseal line periosteum compact bone spongy bone Endosteum hyaline cartilage Sharpey’s fibers Skull Inner Ear Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape