双语分子生物学详解.ppt

中北大学化工与环境学院生物工程专业 Molecular Biology(分子生物学) 主要参考教材 PC Turner et al. Instant Notes in Molecular Biology (Second edition). BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited, 2000 分子生物学(第三版)导读版(精要速览系列) 朱玉贤，李毅，郑晓峰编著。现代分子生物学（第3版） 高等教育出版社 2007-11-1 Robert F. Weaver Molecular biology 2004. （Third edition） 分子生物学学习方法及注意问题 专心听讲 做好笔记 认真思考 学会归纳 注意纪律 预习复习 Prokaryotes： Eubacteria (真细菌) Acchaea(古细菌) Eukaryotes： Plants Animals Fungi Protist(原生生物) Nuclei nucleoli（核仁）, nucleus Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Microbodies Organelle isolation Nuclei Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Microbodies: lysosome Proteins Nucleic acids Polysaccharides Lipids Complex macromolecules Proteins polymers of amino acids, peptide bonds Nucleic acids DNA and RNA, polymers of nucleotides, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Polysaccharides Polymers of simple sugars, glycoside bonds They functions mainly as nutritional sugar stores and as structural material. Cellulose, starch, chitin, mucopolysaccharides(黏多糖) Lipids Key components of membranes, protective coats and other structures. Glycerides (甘油酯), phospholipids(磷脂)，sphingolipids（鞘脂，如神经氨酰） Complex macromolecules Nucleoproteins(核蛋白), ribozyme（核糖体） Glycoproteins Proteoglycans (mucoproteins)蛋白多糖（粘蛋白） Lipid-linked proteins glycolipids Protein complexes Cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments These organize the shape and movement of cells and subcellular organelles. Cilia and flagella (纤毛和鞭毛 ) are also composed of microtubules complexed with dynein and nexin（动力蛋白和连接蛋白 ）. Nucleoproteins Bacterial 70S ribosomes: 50S larger subunit (23S and 5S RNA + 31 proteins)+30S small subunit (16S RNA + 21 proteins) Eukayotic 80S ribosomes: 60S larger subunit (28S, 5.8S and 5S RNAs + 31 proteins)+40S small subunits (18S RNA) Chromotin contains DNA and the basic histone proteins. Membranes Membrane phospholipids and sphingolipids (鞘脂) form bilayers. Membrane proteins may be peripheral (外周的) or integral （整合的）