量子密钥分发的光纤实验方案和单光子探测技术.pdf

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2017-05-10 发布于安徽
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量子密钥分发的光纤实验方案和单光子探测技术.pdf

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Abstract Abstract Keydistributionistheartofsharingasecretkeybetweentwocooperativeplayers, AliceandBob,inthepresenceofaneavesdropperEve.Informationsecurityhasalways beenofgreatimportancetoeverynation,everygroupandeveryperson.Thesecurityof quantum cryptography isbasedontwoprinciplesoffundamentalphysics,i.e. Heisenbergsuncertaintyprincipleandthequantumnoncloningprinciple,andguarantees absolutesecurityofthecryptographickey,withoutassumptionsabouttheresources availabletoapotentialadversary.Quantuminformationiscurrentlyoneofthehottest researchfieldsinphysics,andQKDisthemostadvancedsubfieldsofarwithregardto practical即plication. Thisthesisreportstheexperimentalandtheoreticworkofourgroupstudiesinthe quantumkeydistributionandafiberopticquantumkeydistribution(QKD)material schemebasedonphaseencodedsingle户otonhasbeingdevelopedinourgroup. Thetheoreticalbackgroundofquantumkeydistributionisfirstpresented.Its experimentalrealizationandrecentdevelopmentsarethendescribed.Emphasisisplaced on奴discussionofth,ebasicprinciplesandthedescriptionoftheconventionalschemes. ThispaperpresentsnovelQKDschemesthatusethreeasymmetricMach-Zehnder interferometerandaphasemodulator.Theadvantagesofthisnewschemearenumerous:(1) theefficiencywithwhichtransmitteddataconrtibutetotheprivatekeyisincreased.(2) 确acentstatesexperiencethesamepolarizationchangeandthusperfect妙interferewith eachother.(3)Bobdoesnotneedaphasemodulator.Wehavedesignedandfabricateda polarizationindependentphasemodulator,whichgreatlyenhancethefringevisibilityof single-photointerference.Theamountofworkthatweadjustbeampathisbeendecreased. Wehaveconstructedour~ single-photondetector,whichhadintegratedpower supplycircuit,thermoelecrticrefrigerationcircuit,amplifierdiscriminatorcircuit,actively quenchedcircuitandsoon.Wedolikethisforitsconvenience.Atthesametime,amethod tomeasuresinglephotonsourceusingdetec