高考虚拟语气学讲义及练习,答案(易。中,难).doc

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种假设，愿望，建议，或实现不了的空想 1 If引导的非真实条件句的虚拟语气。 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 一般过去时 过去将来时 If +主语+V-ed（be动词只用were） If+ 主语+should + V 主语+ would / could / should /might do 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 过去将来完成式 If + 主语 +had done 主语+would/could /should/might + have done 与将来事实相反 一般过去时 过去将来时 If +主语+V-ed（be动词只用were） If+ 主语+should + V If+ 主语+were to do+ V 主语+ would / could / should /might do (1) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。如： If I were you , I would help him. If he studied at this school, he would know you well. = If he should study at this school, he would know you well. (2) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. (3) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。如： If I were you , I would help him. = Were I you , I would help him.（be 提前） If he studied at this school, he would know you well. = Did he study at this school, he would know you well. （无助动词，且为一般过去式，所以加did） If he should study at this school, he would know you well = Should he study at this school, he would know you well （助动词should提前） ( 2 ) 与过去事实相反的非真实条件句的省略与倒装 If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. =Had I seen the film, I would have told you about it. （助动词 had提前） (3 ) 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句的省略与倒装 If it were Sunday tomorrow, we would have no school. = Were it Sunday tomorrow, we would have no school. 2 错综时间条件句的虚拟 （if的非真实条件句从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来） If you had followed the doctors advice ,you should be all right now., 要是你那时候听了医生的劝告，你现在就好了。 If you had watered more, the trees would grow better now. 3 含蓄条件句的虚拟 有时候一个假设的情况并不用条件句表示，而用其他方式表示，这样的句子叫做含蓄条件句。 without没有, but for若不是, but that若不是，otherwise否则， but 但是,常用来引导含蓄条件句 1. without your help,I would have failed in the examination =if it had not been for your help，I would have failed in the examination The doctor suggested that he(should) not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。 He desires that you (should) see him at once.他渴望你立刻去看他。 但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：暗示时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气 His