甲苯对AlCl3-TEBAC离子液体中电沉积铝的影响.doc

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7545.2016.08.015 甲苯对AlCl3-TEBAC离子液体中电沉积铝的影响 王蒙蒙1,2，徐存英1,2，华一新1,2，李富宇1,2，卢东辉1,2，雷震1,2 (1.昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093；2.复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，昆明 650093) 摘要：在含有甲苯添加剂的酸性三氯化铝—苄基三乙基氯化铵（AlCl3-TEBAC）离子液体中进行铝的电沉积。考察甲苯加入量对离子液体电导率的影响，研究金属铝在离子液体中的电沉积行为，并用直流和脉冲电源进行铝电沉积。结果表明，离子液体电导率随甲苯摩尔分数x的增加而升高，但在x大于7.5%后，电导率趋于稳定；铝沉积反应为扩散控制的准可逆过程，在玻碳电极上的沉积是三维瞬时形核过程；电沉积得到的铝镀层为银灰色，而且脉冲电沉积得到的镀层要优于直流电沉积。 关键词：甲苯；铝；电沉积；离子液体 中图分类号：TF821 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2016）08-0000-00 Effect of Toluene Addition on Electrodeposition Behavior of Aluminum in AlCl3-TEBAC Ionic Liquid WANG Meng-meng1,2, XU Cun-ying1,2 , HUA Yi-xin1,2 , LI Fu-yu1,2, LU Dong-hui1,2, LEI Zhen1,2 (1. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization, Kunming 650093, China) Abstract：Aluminum was electrodeposited in acidic aluminum chloride-benzyltriethylammonium chloride (AlCl3-TEBAC) ionic liquids with toluene addition. Effect of toluene addition on electrical conductivity of ionic liquids was investigated. Electrodeposition behavior of aluminum in ionic liquids was studied by pulse electrodeposition and DC electrodeposition. The results show that electrical conductivities of ionic liquid improve with increase of molar fraction x of toluene when x7.5%. Effect of toluene molar fraction on conductivities is negligible when x7.5%. The initial stage of nucleation of aluminum on a glassy carbon electrode is three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control. Coating of impulse electrodeposition is better than that of DC electrodeposition. Key words：toluene; aluminum; electrodeposition; ionic liquid 目前铝的生产工艺主要是冰晶石—氧化铝熔盐电解法，此方法电解温度在900~1 000 ℃，为了降低能耗和减少环境污染，研究人员开发了几种新方法，但没有一种方法成功用于工业生产。如碳热还原和阿尔科工艺需要在高温下进行，仍然不能避免高能耗等问题[1-2]。采用有机溶液电解铝，虽然在低温下进行，但存在有机物挥发性高、电化学窗口窄、电导率低等缺点。 近年来，离子液体的发展为铝的电解生产提供了另外一种新方法。离子液体在室温或者接近室温状态下呈液体状态，具有较宽的电化学窗口、较强的溶解能力、较低的蒸汽压、较高的电导率、较合适的黏