1.英语基本构词法详解.ppt

Word-formation in English Word-formation or word-building is an important means of vocabulary enlargement. The expansion of the vocabulary is a common and natural phenomenon of any language, including the English language. Morpheme Free morpheme (can occur as separate words) Bound morpheme (cannot stand alone as a word) unfaithful, contain, receive, homework, airsick, takeoff Allomorph(词素变体) take (took, taken) in- ( il-, im-, ir-) Root A root is the base form of a word that expresses its essential meaning, a meaning that never changes, even though affixes may be added at the beginning of a word or at the end of a word. To be more exact, the term root is that part of the word left when all the affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are removed. unusefully Greek roots amphi- (both, both sides of, two) amphibian 两栖动物，水陆两用车辆 anti- (反对,抵抗 ) antiaging, antiaircraft, anti-consumerism auto- (自动的，自己的 ) autodialer, automatic, antoalarm, autoanalysis Latin origin bi- centi- counter- deci- Russian origin -nik(赞同……的人,特别喜欢……的人) nudnik, computernik, filmnik, peacenik Old English origin -some -ly -ness -ship Polysemy in affixes in- 不incomplete 在里面include dis- 分离,除去disburden(卸去), discolour(使退色) 解除,解散disengage(解脱) 取消,否定disband(解散) -ish 似的childish,foolish 有点儿的sweetish, redish 民族的Danish, Spanish 近乎于……的bookish(学究式的), selfish -ly 相似的，具有某种性质的manly, comradely, cowardly 时间的反复daily, weekly 以某种方式smoothly 程度greatly 顺序firstly 在……时候lately 在……方面educationally 在……方向outwardly -er cooker(一般指炊具)烹饪用的水果Br. E bouncer, minder保镖 fiver五英镑一张的钞票 pusher贩毒者 Thriller惊险小说 megaseller 热门畅销书 actioner动作影片 slasher恐怖片 splatter凶杀片 suspenser悬念片 browser浏览器 zapper微波杀虫器,微波除草器 computer telepuer联网电视机 onliner网络用户 blogger博客写手 Synonymy in affixes 否定的 a- amoral dis- dissastified in-, im-, ir-, il- incorrect, improper, irregular, illogical non- nonsmoker, nonexistent un- untidy 不良,假的 mal- malformation, maladjustment mis- mistreat, mistake pseudo- pseudoacid, pseudocolor 先后 ante- antecedent, an