M5 Unit 2 The environment课件.pptVIP

1．v.-ing形式的句法功能： (1)用作主语或在形式主语结构中用作真正主语。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 (2)用作表语。 The situation is encouraging. 形势令人鼓舞。 (3)用作动词宾语，可用于复合宾语结构。 You seem to take giving up pretty easily. 你似乎很轻易就放弃了。 (4)作定语如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。 John is an attacking boxer. 约翰是一个攻击型的拳击手。 (5)v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时， v.-ing形式就变成了主语补足语。 She was heard singing all the time. 人们听到她一直在唱。 (6)作状语，表示时间，原因，条件，结果，让步，方式。 Crossing the road, he was run over by a car. 他在穿过马路时，被一辆轿车从身上碾过。 Being sick I went to see a doctor. 我因病去看医生。 Thinking hard, you will find a good way. 仔细想想，你就会找到一个好办法。 Knowing all this, they asked us to finish the task in ten days. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我们在10天之内完成任务。 He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。 2．v.-ing形式的时态与语态。 (1)一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 A big job should be done in popularizing education. 普及教育应该花大力气。 (2)完成式所表示的动作皆发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 We all got angry for having been cheated by the company. 被那家公司欺骗， 我们都很气愤。 (3)一般式和完成式都可用于被动式。 Jack objects to being kept waiting. 杰克反对让他等着。 I cant forgive myself for having been attacked by surprise. 遭到突然袭击，我不能原谅自己。 (4)在句中虽为主动形式，却含有被动意义，这样的词有need, want, require, be worth。 The bike needs repairing. 自行车需要修理。 1．只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语： cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to等。 2．既可以接不定式，又可以接v.-ing形式的有： (1)意义基本相同。begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) (2)意义相反。stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事； stop doing 停止正在做的事 (3)意义不同。 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生); remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生) go on to do(接着做另外一件事); go on doing(接着做同一件事) try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力)； try doing(试试去做，看有何结果) mean to do(打算做，企图做)； mean doing (意思是，意味着) cant help to do(不能帮忙做)； cant help doing(忍不住要做) 3．不定式与v.-ing形式用法比较 (1)v.-ing形式着重进程；不定式着重结果。 He has been trying to solve the problem. 他一直在设法解决这一问题。 Your work needs correctin