Lecture2.语音学.ppt

Lecture 2. 语音学 语音学：语音性质、语音现象、语音规律 Phonetics 语音学 studies physical property of speech sounds in general How they are produced (articulatory phonetics) and perceived(acoustic phonetics) Phonology 音位学studies the specific sounds as employed in different language(systematical use of sounds in language with linguistic functions). How these sounds are arranged to form meaning units and what function each sound performs in the sound system of the language. Contrastive Phonetics: something in common for CS 1) to pronounce involve the same physical and physiological property; 2) to make economy in communication, 弱化，同化，连缀，省音 ： books, dogs, looked, obliged 英语的读音规则性不强 英语字母不是一个字母只表一个音素音，多数字母在不同的语言环境中读不同的音。有些字母要读几个音，有的不发音： a: map, father, all, about, date, many o: hot, action, go g: go, gene c: cook, cease w: who, would, wrong ei: sleigh, sleight k: knife, kitten t: bristle ,brittle I: sign, signature, minute, minute ou: though, thought, thorough, through, cough, bough,, brought s: island, Islam, isinglass, About 1500, the Great Vowel Shift 长元音短原因变化，/e:/--/i:/--/ai/,/a:/--/ei/,/o:/--/u:/ 打破元音在词中不变的情况，引发vowel alternations divine, divinity mad—made, strip---stripe, wis—wise, lov--love William, printing technology, 1476 oneley, onely, onley, only Samul John English Dictionary, 1755 meet---meat/meet, see---sea/see downhil---downhill, 希腊语 拉丁语 本族文 偌曼底 one unus an ein dyo dua twa zwen t/d/z treis tres thrie dri t/th/d tettares quattuor feower fior f/q pente quinque fif funf hex sex siex sehs h/s hepta septem seofon sibun h/s okto octo eahta ahto ennea novem nigon niun deka decem