2017考研英语阅读经济学人文章黑的士.docVIP

2017考研英语阅读经济学人文章：黑的士 2017考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：黑的士 　　Black cabs 　　黑的士 　　Rank protectionism 　　阶级保护主义 　　A distorted market is becoming even moreintolerable 　　畸形的市场越发难以忍受 　　Licensed to bill 　　授权开账单 　　ALONG with red letterboxes and telephone booths, Londons black taxis are touted assymbolic of the city. Fully 25,600 drivers trundle around the capitals streets. They areprivileged: unlike minicabs, they can pick up passengers hailing in the street and run on a priceymeter system rather than a fixed fee. Nationally the average fare is ￡5.77 $9.56 for twomiles; in London it is ￡7.20. All cabbies are required to pass the “knowledge”, a test of all theroads within a six-mile radius of central London. If they take a daft route to their destinationit is usually deliberate. 　　和红信箱、电话亭一样，伦敦的黑出租也被当成城市的标志。25600位司机在首都大街上开车四处游荡。他们拥有优先权：不像那些迷你的士，他们可以接到街边打的的乘客，提供较为实惠的以公里数计程的收费方式，而非支付固定数量的钱。全国打的平均费用是每两公里5.77英镑 9.56美元 ;伦敦市是7.20英镑。所有的出租车司机都要通过一场设立在以伦敦市中心为中心、半径为六公里的所有街道的考试，以防他们选了一条绕远的路到达目的地，虽然他们往往是故意这么做。 　　But becoming a taxi driver is ever harder. In the 1970s the knowledge took around 23 monthsto complete. Last year it took 50 months. 揧ou can get a PhD in the same time,?complainsMalcolm Paice of CityFleet, a radio-taxi firm. Between 2009 and 2012 the number of taxi driversincreased by only 4% in London. Faced with such a high barrier to entry, more people aretaking a shorter course that only allows them to drive black cabs in suburban areas, says TomMoody of Transport for London TfL . 　　但是要成为一名出租车司机越来越难。20世纪70年代，人们需要花费23个月完成等级考试。去年则需要50个月。计程车广播公司CityFleet的Malcolm Paice抱怨：“用同样长的一段时间，你都可以拿到博士学位了”。伦敦交通 TfL 的Tom Moody说，从2009年到2012年，伦敦出租车司机的人数增加了4%。面对考证的巨大障碍，越来越多的人都参加了只允许他们在市郊开黑的士的短期课程。 　　But in the same period the number of minicab drivers in London jumped by 19%, to 67,000.The scorn they receive from black-taxi drivers is little deserved. Liam Griffin, the boss ofAddison Lee, a large minicab firm, says minicabs have become more comparable to black cabssince 2004, when regulations and criminal