RETScreen_Combined_Heat_and_Power_Cogeneration.ppt

RETScreen? Combined Heat and Power(Cogeneration) Projects Photo Credit: Warren Gretz, DOE/NREL PIX Power Plant Objectives Review basics of Combined Heat and Power(CHP) Systems Illustrate key considerationsfor CHP project analysis Introduce RETScreen?CHP Project Model Electricity Heat Buildings Communities Industrial processes …but also… Increased energy efficiency Reduced waste emissions Reduced TD losses An opportunity to use district energy system Cooling What do Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems provide? Photo Credit: Andrew Carlin, Tracy Operators/NREL PIX Biomass Fired Power Plant, USA CHP System Motivation Traditional central power system is inefficient One-half to two-thirds of energy is wasted as heat This heat, otherwise lost,can be used for industrialprocesses, space andwater heating, cooling, etc. Electricity is typicallymore valuable than heat Adapted from World Alliance for Decentralized Energy; Units in TWh The CHP Concept Simultaneous production of two or more types of usable energy from a single energy source (also called “Cogeneration”) Use of waste heat from power generation equipment CHP DescriptionEquipment Technologies Power equipment Gas turbine Steam turbine Gas turbine-combined cycle Reciprocating engine Fuel cell, etc. Heating equipment Waste heat recovery Boiler / Furnace / Heater Heat pump, etc. Cooling equipment Compressor Absorption chiller Heat pump, etc. Photo Credit: Rolls-Royce plc Gas Turbine Photo Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan Cooling Equipment CHP Description (cont.)Fuel Types Fossil fuels Natural gas Diesel (#2 oil) Coal, etc. Renewable fuels Wood residue Biogas Agricultural byproducts Purpose-grown crops, etc. Bagasse Landfill gas (LFG) Geothermal energy Hydrogen, etc. Photo Credit: Joel Renner, DOE/ NREL PIX Geothermal Geyser Photo Credit: Warren Gretz, DOE/NREL Biomass for CHP CHP Description (cont.) Applications Single buildings Commercial and industrial Multiple buildings District energy system