抗生素生物毒性及对境的影响的调研报告.docx

抗生素生物毒性及对环境的影响毛瑞祥，张贝贝，武文权，乔鑫指导老师：张纪亮概要：在过去三年来，受关注的化学污染物已几乎完全侧重于传统的“优先”的污染物，特别是急性毒性/致癌性农药和能在环境中持续留存的工业中间体。然而，这个范围的化学物质只是较大的“整体”的风险评估中的一部分。另一类不同的生物活性化学物质抗生素被收到相对较少的关注，不过他们确实潜在的环境污染物，这类化学物质包括抗生素和个人护理产品中的活性成分，人类和兽医用药，不仅包括处方药和生物制品，也包括诊断剂，食品，香料，防晒剂，及许多其他类似物。这些化合物及其活性代谢产物可以不断地被运送到水生环境。本次调查研究试图综合抗生素环境起源，分布和发生方面的文献，以影响和促进其在环境科学界的更集中讨论。关键词：毒性残留环境处理抗生素促进更集中讨论The biological toxicity of antibiotics and its effect on EnvironmentMao Rui-xiang,Zhang Bei-bei,Wu Wen-quan,Qiao xinSupervisor:Zhang Ji-liangAbstract：During the last three decades, the impact of chemical pollution has focused almost exclusively on the conventional priority pollutants, especially those acutely toxic/carcinogenic pesticides and industrial intermediates displaying persistence in the environment. This spectrum of chemicals, however, is only one piece of the larger puzzle in holistic risk assessment. Another diverse group of bioactive chemicals receiving comparatively little attention as potential environmental pollutants includes the pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products (in this review collectively termed PPCPs), both human and veterinary, including not just prescription drugs and biologics, but also diagnostic agents, nutraceuticals, fragrances, sun-screen agents, and numerous others. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites can be continually introduced to the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via a number of routes but primarily by both untreated and treated sewage.This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.Keywords：Toxic residues Environment treatment antibioticmore focused discussion内容抗生素是一类广泛应用于防治人类、禽畜及水产养殖中各种细菌感染疾病的化合物。近年来，抗生素的种类、产量与用量不断增加，加上药品管理的混乱和药物的滥用问题非常严重，从而导致了人体以及环境中细菌耐药性的不断增强。国际环境科学界乃至公众已开始广泛关注河流、湖泊等水环境中药物污染及其潜在的危害性。抗生素是指由细菌、霉菌或其它微生物在生活过程中所产生的具有抗病原体或其它活性的一类物质，广泛用于人体医药卫生和畜禽养殖疾病的预防和控制. 据统计，我国兽用抗生素平均年使用量约为