2.Lower limb 1.ppt

The lower limb 下肢 山东万杰医学院 解剖教研室 王桂堂 第一节 概 述 （一）境界 （二）分区 Gluteal region 臀部－between iliac crest superiorly and gluteal fold inferiorly 上方的髂嵴和下方的臀襞之间 Thigh 股部－between hip and knee 位于髋和膝之间 Knee 膝部－joint between thigh and leg 位于大腿和小腿之间 Leg 小腿部－between knee and foot 位于膝和足之间 Ankle 踝 Foot 足部 二、表面解剖 （一）体表标志 Gluteal region and thigh anterior superior and inferior iliac spines 髂前上下棘 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 greater trochanter 股骨大转子 pubic tubercle 耻骨结节 pubic crest 耻骨嵴 superior border of pubic symphysis 耻骨联合上缘 Knee patella ligament 髌韧带 tuberosity of tibia 胫骨粗隆 medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles 股骨内、外侧髁和内、外上髁 tendon of biceps femoris 股二头肌腱 head of fibula 腓骨头 tendons of semitendinosus and semimembranosus 半膜和半腱肌腱 Leg anterior border of tibia 胫骨前缘 neck of fibula 腓骨颈 Ankle and foot medial and lateral malleolus 内和外踝 calcaneal tuberosity 跟骨结节 tuberosity of navicular bone 足舟骨结节 tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone 第5跖骨底粗隆 （二）对比关系 1、Nelaton’s line 奈拉通线 a line drawn from the anterior superior lilac spine to the ischial tuberosity, passing over or near the top of the greater trochanter. The trochanter can be felt superior to this line in a person which a dislocated hip or a fractured femoral neck. （四）体表投影 第二节 股前内侧区Anterior and Medial Region of Thigh Skin incisions Make the skin incisions indicated in figure and reflect the skin flaps. 一、浅层结构 Superficial structures （一）皮肤 皮肤厚薄不均，内侧较薄而柔软，外侧较厚。 （二）浅筋膜 富含脂肪，内有浅动、静脉、浅淋巴管、淋巴结及皮神经。 1、大隐静脉 Great saphenous vein Drains the medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot 起自足背静脉弓内侧端 Passes upward directly in front of the medial malleolus 经内踝上方上行 Then ascends on medial side of the leg 小腿内侧上行 Passes behind the knee and curves forward around the medial side of the thigh 经膝关节后方向前绕至大腿内侧。 Passes through the saphenous hiatus in the deep fascia and joins the femoral vein about 4 cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle. 于耻骨结节外下方4m处穿深筋膜的隐静脉裂孔注入股静脉。 Tributaries 属支: Superfici