chapter 8 urinary system.ppt

Chapter 9 Urinary System Lesson 1 Learning objectives Recognize the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter. Gain the ability to pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures. List the major organs of the urinary system and their functions. Describe the mechanisms of urine formation. Organs of the Urinary System Combining Forms Relating to the Urinary System Suffixes Relating to the Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System kidneys Bean-shape: a concave area on the edge toward the centre called hilum, where renal artery enters the kidney and renal vein leaves it. The ureters also leave the kidneys at the hilum, leading to the bladder. The human kidneys represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20–25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart. Location of the kidneys On the posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column with its long axis parallel to the long axis of the body. Right kidney is lower than left one. Left kidney: superior extremity上端: inferior border下缘of the body of the 11th thoracic vertebra. inferior extremity: inferior border of the body of 2nd lumbar vertebra. Right kidney: Superior extremity: superior border上缘of the 12th thoracic vertebra Inferior extremity: superior border of the body of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. The coverings of kidneys Fibrous capsule 纤维囊: firm strong fibrous capsule that can be easily stripped from the kidney. Adipose capsule 脂肪囊: outside the fibrous capsule and continues with the adipose tissue. Renal fascia 肾筋膜: comes from the extraperitoneal腹膜外的tissue. Structure of the kidneys On coronal section: Functions of the kidneys Remove waste products of metabolism Responsible for homeostasis (体内平衡) Adjust the amount of water in the body. Regulate the level of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate. Maintain the correct pH range within the body Control red blood cell production by secreting the hormone erythropoi