Mitral valve prolapse.doc

Mitral valve prolapse is defined as abnormal bulging of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Mitral valve prolapse is a common condition that is a risk factor for mitral regurgitation, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and endocarditis. Myxomatous degeneration is the most common cause of mitral prolapse in the United States and Europe, and progression of myxomatous mitral prolapse is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation that requires surgical treatment. Myxomatous degeneration appears to have genetic etiology. The genetics of myxomatous degeneration is complex and not fully worked out; it appears to be heterogeneous with multi-gene, multi-chromosomal autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance. The molecular disorder of myxomatous degeneration appears to consist of a connective tissue disorder with altered extracellular matrix status and involves the action of matrix metalloproteinase, cysteine endoproteases, and tenomodulin. Treatment of mitral prolapse with regurgitation is complex, and the technological advances that are currently in development will be challenging and controversial. 二尖瓣脱垂的定义为二尖瓣小叶进入左心房心室收缩期间异常鼓胀。二尖瓣脱垂是一种常见的情况是对于二尖瓣关闭不全，充血性心脏衰竭，心律失常，和心内膜炎的危险因素。粘液变性是二尖瓣脱垂在美国和欧洲，和粘液二尖瓣脱垂的进展是二尖瓣关闭不全的最常见的原因，需要手术治疗的最常见的原因。粘液变性似乎有遗传病因。粘液变性的基因是复杂的，没有完全制定出来;这似乎是多相多基因，多染色体的常染色体显性不完全外显率。粘液变性的分子病症似乎由一个结缔组织病症具有改变的细胞外基质的状态，并涉及基质金属蛋白酶，半胱氨酸内切蛋白酶，和tenomodulin的动作。二尖瓣脱垂伴关闭不全的治疗是复杂的，而且目前正在开发中的技术进步将是具有挑战性的和有争议的。 The genetics of mitral valve prolapse. Grau JB1, Pirelli L, Yu PJ, Galloway AC, Ostrer H. Author information 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Abstract Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a very common clinical condition that refers to a systolic billowing of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium. Improvements of echocardiographic techniques and new insights in mitral valve anatomy and physiology have rendered the diagnosis of this conditi