2010-2011学年同步精品学案(人教必修1)PeriodTwoLearning.docVIP

Period Two　Learning about Language 直接引语和间接引语(一) 当我们用引号引出别人的原话时，被引用部分称为直接引语；当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时，被转述的部分称为间接引语，我们可以通过口诀来掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法。 1．陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的口诀： (1)He said，“I’m going to see a film this afternoon.” →He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon. (2)Jack said to me, “I have waited for you for a long time.” →Jack told me that he had waited for me for a long time. (3)The teacher said to us，“We will have an English party next week.” →The teacher told us that we would have an English party the next week. 2．直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 【提醒】 下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。 (1)直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实或真理，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。 The teacher told the students，“The earth goes around the sun” →The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. (2)直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语时，变间接引语时，其时态仍保持过去时。 The girl said，“I was born in Hong Kong in 1990.” →The girl said that she was born in Hong Kong in 1990. (3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，变间接引语时，时态通常不变。 The old gentleman often says，“Time is life.” →The old genteman often says that time is life. 3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表 直接引语 间接引语 this 这 that 那 these 这些 those 那些 now 现在 then 那时，当时 today 今天 that day 那天 yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天 tomorrow 明天 the next (following)day第二天 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上 last week 上周 the week before 前一周 next week 下周 the next week 第二周 two weeks ago两周前 two weeks before 两周前 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前 the day after tomorrow 后天 two days later 两天后 here 这里 there那里 come 来 go去 bring 带来 take拿走 4.人称代词的变化 (1)“一随主”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。 (2)“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。 (3)“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。 5．疑问句直接引语变间接引语 (1)直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，常用if或whether引导，引述动词用 asked, 没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him 等。 He asked me, “Are you good at English？” →He asked me if/whether I was good at English. (2)反意疑问句变间接引语时，只能用whether来引导。 (3)特殊疑问句变间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词作连词，将句子改为陈述语序。 The teacher asked the boy，“Why are yo