（挑战杯）利用嗜食差异防治福寿螺危害水稻苗研究.doc

利用嗜食差异防治福寿螺危害水稻苗研究 马柱文 胡飞 华南农业大学农学院，广州，510642 摘要：室内观察福寿螺取食草本植物水花生、凤眼莲、海芋、蟛蜞菊、浮萍和五爪金龙，木本植物枸树、羊蹄甲和苦楝新鲜叶片的差异，以及其取食不同植物叶片后排泄物对水稻秧苗生长的影响。结果显示：72小时内，福寿螺取食所选植物的量由大到小的顺序为：枸树、水花生、凤眼莲、海芋、蟛蜞菊、羊蹄甲、浮萍、秧苗、苦楝、五爪金龙。福寿螺取食水花生、凤眼莲和枸树的量显著高于取食水稻幼苗量。福寿螺取食所选植物后其排泄物溶液对水稻秧苗叶绿素含量有促进作用，促进作用由高到低的顺序为: 蟛蜞菊、水花生、海芋、浮萍、秧苗、枸树、凤眼莲和羊蹄甲。田间试验结果显示：水稻移栽后分别施用水花生、凤眼莲和枸树新鲜叶片,福寿螺取食水稻秧苗的量与常规施用密达杀螺药后福寿螺取食水稻秧苗的量没有差异,而水稻秧苗的叶绿素含量、鲜重和干重显著高于施用密达杀螺的小区。 关键词：福寿螺 水稻秧苗 嗜食性 防治 危害 Control Golden Snail Damging Rice Seedling by Supplying Its referred Grazing Plants Zhuwen Ma Fei Hu Abstract： he preference order of Golden Snail feeding 9 species plants fresh leaves of plants was investigated in Lab. The 9 tested plants were 6 of herbaceous, namely, A.philoxeroides，E.crassipes，A.macrorrhiza，W. trilobata，P.stratiotes，I.cairica, and 3 woody plants were B.papyrifera, B.variegata, and M.azedaeach. After feeding tested plants, the Golden snail’s dejection solution were engaged to cultivate the rice seedlings respectively. The results showed the quantity descending order of Golden snail plants feeding tested plants was B.papyrifera, A.philoxeroides，E.crassipes，A.macrorrhiza，W. trilobata B.variegata, P.stratiotes, M.azedaeach and I.cairica. Field tests showed that rice transplanting after the application of A.philoxeroides, E.crassipes, B.papyrifera fresh leaves, Golden snail hardly feeding rice seedlings, and rice seedlings chlorophyll content, dry weight, fresh weight were significantly higher than that of control plots. Key Words: golden snail; palatabilty; control; hazarding 福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata),又称苹果螺,原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域.由于该螺抗逆性强、食性杂、繁殖和生长速度极快。 我国内陆于20世纪80年代从台湾引进，并进行人工养殖，以获得高经济收益。但由于该螺食味较差，被弃养,迅速入侵到水田和其它水体，对生态环境作物生产构成了严重的危害[1-4]。其主要危害对象有水稻、茭白、菱角、水生蔬菜等[5，6],其中以水稻的受害程度最重。田间调查表明,福寿螺孵化后7-15天即开始取食水稻幼苗的幼嫩部分。在华南地区水稻移栽后10-15天最易受福寿螺的取食危害，是水稻主要受害期。其危害形式表现为咬剪水稻主蘖及有效分蘖,致有效穗减少而造成严重的减产，如不加以防治可至绝产。早在1991年在广东就已有66.7万hm2稻田受福寿螺危害[7]。目前生产中主要采用化学药剂进行防治(如五氯酚钠、贝螺杀、密达、梅塔和百螺敌等)[8-10],长期大量的使用化学农药不仅增强福寿螺的抗药性，增加防治的难度，同时对生态环境有显著的负面影响。多年来,广泛采用的化学药剂五氯酚钠、