专家解剖托福听力历史类文章关键要素.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料专家解剖托福听力历史类文章关键要素 摘要： 本期屌丝听力继续接着上期的内容讲，谈论不同文章类型的把握要点。上期我们讲了TPO中最常考的生物类文章的五点关键要素，本期我们要涉及TPO中最Versatile的文章类型——历史类。  首先为什么历史类是最versatile?因为他跨界最广。基本上大部分的话题后面都能加上历史这个词。比如：Geocentric 这篇文章和天文相关，但是讲得是天文学发展史上人们的一个观点;比如，Art这个话题，音乐、文学、雕塑、绘画、舞蹈、话剧等等都有各自的历史，类似的例子不胜枚举。但是在考试当中不管这个历史类的话题和什么有关，基本上是跑不掉我一下要讲的几个要素。同样地，今天还有会以一篇文章为例子进行讲述。  历史类文章关键要素一：主题关键词，总是会出现和发展、起源或者历史相关的词汇(e.g develpoment, change, origin, historical)  1  【Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n roll?  Student: The electric Guitar?  Professor: Exactly. I think its fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.】  注意到文章开头做了两件事情：一. 提出话题“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了历史类文章要素, 教授说到电吉他是一个“the result of a continuing development” 而且人们很早之前就开始“ modify acoustic guitar”，自然而然我们就能推测文章是要讲电吉他是如何发展起来的。  历史类文章关键要素二：影响，其中包括话题的发展;发展过程中所受到的影响;其所产生的影响;具体的影响是什么，怎么影响的。  2.  【The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?  But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.】  很明显的，教授接下来就开始讲到吉他的发展过程，第一种吉他，wooden aka spanish guitar;接着steel guitar;lap guitar;然后有了electric guitar。而且重点说到“ 很多的发明者和音乐家对这种乐器的设计做出了贡献，而且每次的修改的目的就是为了改变电吉他的声音，也就是要素中提到的对话题的影响。