【牛津译林版】(江专用)2012届高三英语一轮复习精品学案：语法部分 第11讲 特殊句式.doc

第11讲 特殊句式（要点透析）倒装句 倒装有两种考法： 1.放在单项选择题中，单纯考查考生的倒装是否熟练掌握； 2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 一、完全倒装 将谓语动词全部提到主语之前。常见情况有： 1. 表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首，谓语动词多用be, come, go等。 There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 【注意】当主语是人称代词时，主语语序不变。 Here it is. In she came. Away he went. 2. 地点状语＋谓语＋主语；此时，地点状语为标志词，谓语动词为不及物动词。 South of the river lies a small factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. They ask to take photos where stands the tower. 3. such, then, now, thus, the following 放句首时，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be。 Such are the facts. Such is life. The following is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn. 4. There be/lie/exist/ stand/live ＋主语＋…(there be 句型) There is a tall building on the top of the mountain. There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain. 5. 表语＋系动词＋主语；表语可以是介词短语，形容词或分词。 【注意】若主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主语＋系动词＋表语。 Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”． In front of the house is a cow. 6. 用于以现在分词开头的句子中。 Sitting around the old man were some children from big cities. 7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！ 二、部分倒装 将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。 (通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。) 1. 含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcely…when…， no sooner…(than)…， not only…(but also), at no time, by no means等。 Little does he know about the news. 他对这消息知之甚少。 By no means can he catch up in such a short time. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。 【特别提醒】 ①若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。 He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(无助动词) He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.(添加does) ②not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter. (连接并列主语，不可倒装) ③在“hardly/scarcely…when－从句