英汉互译基础.doc

Chapter Two Comparison and Translation 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Chinese—— Covert（隐含）/Parataxis （意合） English——Overt （外显）/ Hypotaxis （形合） 1）part of speech the grammatical versatility, where the same character can function as a noun, verb, adjective or adverb 老吾老以及人之老， 幼吾幼以及人之幼 。 You should care for the old as you treat your own parents. You should show your affection to children as you raise your own. 大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆 In boundless desert lonely smoke rises straight; Over endless river the sun sinks round. 泉声咽危石，日色冷青松。 Spring water sobs its way through treacherous rocks, The setting sun chills the green pines. 春江水暖鸭先知 When spring comes 春）, a duck is the first to feel the warmth of water of a river 江）. 市中游侠儿，得佳者笼养之。 Some loafers in town began to keep good crickets in cages （笼） 楼中忽见一人，长三尺许，紫衣朱冠。 In the tower he spotted a man who was only three feet tall, dressed in a purple gown and wearing a red crown. 他忙把那把门的一把拽住。 He snatched the doorkeeper/ the man who held back the door. Statements about crime are not criminal language; nor are statements about emotions necessarily emotional about emotional language. 关于犯罪的叙述并不是犯罪语言，同理，关于感情的叙述也并不就是宣泄情感的语言。 2 Case （格） 你问他、骂他、打他他都一声不吭。 Whatever you did to him, he never uttered a word. （）孤帆远影碧空尽，（）唯见长江天际流。 His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky, Where I see but the endless River rolling by. 晋太元中，武陵人以捕鱼为业。（）缘溪行，（）忘路之远近。（）忽逢桃花林， One day in the Taiyuan period of the Jin Dynasty, a native of Wuling Prefecture, living on fishing, was boating along a stream. Oblivious of the distance he had covered, he came upon a peach grove, which 昨夜雨疏风骤，浓睡不消残酒。试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。知否，知否，应是绿肥红瘦 。昨夜雨疏风骤，（我）浓睡不消残酒。（我）试问卷帘人，（卷帘人）却道海棠依旧。（你）知否，知否，（海棠）应是绿肥红瘦。 我想借你家（）客房用一下。 I wonder if I can use your guest room. 3 Tense 你哪本书不看，我就拿哪本。 I’ll take whatever book you’re not reading. 4 passive voice and active voice （语态） 这种药用得相当普遍。 The medicine is widely used. 颜如其言，遂呼之百日，昼夜不止。 Zhao Yan began, as he was instructed, calling the woman by her name day and night w