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08_FNG10_CIOM_QoS_and_Policy_Control_CD4
PHB = Per-Hop Behaviour Policing is done on bearer level in GGSN and S-GW / P-GW, and it is done for all PDP contexts / EPS bearers. Policing forces the traffic of the PDP / EPS bearer contexts to adjust to the reserved resources regardless of the NG resource situation at that point. If the downlink traffic for a single PDP / EPS bearer context exceeds the agreed maximum bit rate, user IP packets are discarded to maintain the traffic within its allowed limits. For PDP contexts with conversational traffic class, all the packets exceeding the negotiated guaranteed bit rate are dropped. For PDP contexts with streaming, interactive and background traffic classes and for default EPS bearers, the packets exceeding the maximum bit rate are shaped after policing. Traffic shaping is done when the value of PDP context QoS class is streaming, interactive or background, and for default EPS bearer. The purpose of traffic shaping is to ensure that packets are delivered to radio network in such a shape that they are not dropped by radio network, because the speed of the packets may be too fast for the radio bearer. Dropping packets in radio network is inefficient, as the user has already been charged in GGSN / P-GW. Traffic shaping is performed only for downlink traffic. Uplink traffic has already been shaped in the radio network by the time it arrives to GGSN or S-GW / P-GW. 3GPP defined Policy and Charging Control (PCC) architecture includes Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF) as a control point and Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) as an enforcement point. These two interact via Diameter based Gx interface In the NSN solution, PCEF locates in the Flexi Intelligent Service Node (Flexi NG). Flexi NG is a service aware GGSN that requests policies and informs control layer on session characteristics. Policies are requested upon session setup and when session characteristics change. PCRF is located in Policy Control Server (PCS) that makes the policy decisions bas
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