高考英语总复习语法专项主谓一致.doc

高考英语总复习语法专项 Ⅰ 主谓一致 概 述 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致 或叫形式一致 ，意义一致或就近一致 ①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数 ②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数 ③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语, 谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致 分 述 1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数 a. Somebody is waiting for you outside. b. Nobody knows the answer. 有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half等 a. All are happy to hear the news. b. All that has to be done has been done. c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water. d. Half of the wood has been carried away. 2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员 个体 , 则谓语动词用复数 a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers. b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem. 集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数 a. The police are looking for the thief. b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here. 3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于 “任何一个都不…”时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于 “全都不…”时, 谓语动词用复数 a. None of them has a car. 他们没有一个人有汽车 b. None of them have a car. 他们都没有汽车 c. None of them knows the answer. 他们两个谁也不知道答案 d. None of them know the answer. 他们两个都不知道答案 4.both…and…连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…连接两个主语时, 采取 “就近原则”, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致 a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day. b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street. c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks. 5.在There be…和Here be…结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致 a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room. b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room. c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you. 6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, includin