俄罗斯伊尔库茨克简介.docVIP

俄罗斯城市：伊尔库茨克市（Irkutsk）是伊尔库茨克州首府，1661年建城。位于贝加尔湖西66公里伊尔库特河入安加拉河河口处，被称为“西伯利亚的心脏”、“东方巴黎”、“西伯利亚的明珠’，市中心与居民区间以、天然、白桦林连接着，是东西伯利亚仅次于克拉斯诺亚尔斯克的第二大城市和最大的经济中心之一。 该市有机器制造、食品、轻工、建材等工业，有云母加工厂和肉类联合加工厂等企业。位于西伯利亚大铁路上，是铁路、公路和航空运输中心。是东西伯利亚的科学、教育和文化中心，也是整个西伯利亚地区仅次于新西伯利亚的第二大科研中心。该市有伊尔库茨克大学、综合技术学院等8所高等院校。 Wikipedia： Irkutsk Russian: Ирку?тск is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: 587,225 2010 Census preliminary results ;[1] 593,604 2002 Census ;[6] 622,301 1989 Census .[7]. （近期人口缓慢回落，呈现逆城市化现象） Contents ?[hide]? 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Climate 3 Coat of arms 4 Economy 4.1 Energy 4.2 Industry 5 Transport 6 Culture 6.1 Television and mass media 6.2 Education 6.3 Science 6.4 Literature 6.5 Museums 7 Sports 8 Sister cities/twin Cities 9 Images gallery 10 References 10.1 Notes 10.2 Additional sources 11 External links [edit] History In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye winter quarters near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov built an ostrog nearby.[4] The ostrog gained official town rights from the government in 1686. The first road connection between Moscow and Irkutsk, the Siberian Road, was built in 1760. The town benefited economically from this new road. Many new products, often imported from China via Kyakhta, became widely available in Irkutsk for the first time, including gold, diamonds, fur, wood, silk and tea. In 1821, as part of the Speransky reforms, Siberia was administratively divided at the Yenisei River and Irkutsk became the seat of the Governor-General of East Siberia. Irkutsk Assembly of the Nobility in the early 1900s In the early 19th century, many Russian artists, officers and nobles were sent into exile in Siberia for their part in the Decembrist revolt against Tsar Nicholas I. Irkutsk became the major centre of intellectual and social life for these exiles, and much of the citys cultural heritage comes fr