Hawking辐射、黑洞热力学和黑洞相变-本科生物理前沿详解.ppt

de Sitter Static Cosmological Metric de Sitter Static Cosmological Metric Robertson-Walker Metric de Sitter Static Cosmological Metric de Sitter cosmological thermodynamics is analogous with stationary or static black hole thermodynamics. The results for black hole physics research is useful for de Sitter cosmology. The research of a dynamical black hole is useful and meaningful for us to investigate dynamical cosmology including dark energy. Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 We propose that the Hawking radiation energy and entropy ?ow rates from a black hole can be viewed as a one-dimensional (1D), non-equilibrium Landauer transport process. Support for this viewpoint comes from previous calculations invoking conformal symmetry in the near-horizon region, which give radiation rates that are identical to those of a single 1D quantum channel connected to a thermal reservoir at the Hawking temperature. Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 The Landauer approach shows in a direct way the particle statistics independence of the energy and entropy ?uxes of a black hole radiating into vacuum, as well as one near thermal equilibrium with its environment. As an application of the Landauer approach, we show that Hawking radiation gives a net entropy production that is 50% larger than that obtained assuming standard three-dimensional emission into vacuum. Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 The non-equilibrium thermodynamic properties of black holes, namely the steady-state transport of energy and entropy via Hawking radiation, has received markedly much attention. Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 Laudauer传输与非平衡动力学 Implicit in this calculation is the assumption that a black hole should radiate as a three-dimensional(3D) thermal body obeying the Stefan-Boltzmann law. However, there has been an increasing body of evidence suggesting that black hole emission is instead a 1D radiation process. One indicator is the well-known near-horizon approximation under which the four-dimensional(4D) Schwarzschild metric of a black hole can