Chinese ancient architecture.ppt

Reading Material Ancient Chinese Architecture: Palaces 中国古代宫殿式建筑 Roughly Classification 古建筑的大致分类 Palaces 宫殿 Monasteries and Temples 寺庙 Mausoleums 陵墓 Gardens and parks 园囿 Pagodas and towers 塔阁 Preventive structures 防卫设施 Bridges, etc 古桥 Ancient Chinese Architecture: Palaces 1 The major features 中国古代宫殿建筑的特点 2 The structure 中国古代宫殿建筑的构成 3 The layout 中国古代宫殿建筑的布局 Key words 关键词 Horizontal 水平的 Vertical 垂直的 Sloping 倾斜的 Curved 弯曲的 Symmetry 对称 Axis 轴线 Auspicious 吉祥的 Courtyard 院落 Hierarchy 等级、层次 Ridge 屋脊 Antisepsis 防腐 1 The major features of palaces in ancient China 中国古代宫殿建筑的特点 Timber framework 木架结构 Courtyard composition and layout 院落布局 Paint much used 多使用油漆 Varied roof patterns 多变的屋顶 2 The Structure of Ancient Chinese Palaces 中国古代宫殿建筑的构成 2.1 台基 terrace 2.2 木柱和墙 wooden pillars and walls 2.3 屋顶 roof 2.1 台基 terrace 普通台基ordinary 较高级台基higher 更高级台基/须弥座/金钢座more higher 最高级台基highest 作用：承托建筑物，防潮防腐，弥补中国古代建筑单体建筑不甚高大雄伟的欠缺。 The function of the terrace is to support the structure, to keep it away from moisture and corruption, to make up the lack of height of ancient Chinese unit structure and make it more splendid. 2.2 木柱和墙 The vertical pillars and walls Q： ‘A house still stands even if its walls collapse. ’ “墙倒屋不塌。” Tenon 榫 Mortise 卯/榫眼 Supporting brackets 斗拱 Crossbeam 横梁 Interlock 使连锁 2.3 屋顶 Roof The varied styles of the roofs 屋顶样式 The zoomorphic ornaments on the roofs 脊兽/吻兽/五脊六兽 正脊兽/大吻/鸱吻 Chiwen 垂脊兽 sloping ridge animals 骑凤仙人god riding a phoenix 龙、凤、狮、天马、海马、狻猊 、狎鱼 、獬豸 、斗牛 、行什 烟台：走投无路、跟腚拌捣、赶尽杀绝、顺风打旗、摇旗呐喊 3 中国古代宫殿建筑的布局 The layout of the palaces 3.1 布局的特点 Characteristics of the layo