2真核微生物形态结构.ppt

Eukaryotes 真核生物 1.Plants 植物 2.Animals 动物 3.Fungi 真菌 4.Algae 藻 5.Protozoa 原生动物 3 Characteristics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms 1.Have nuclear envelope 具有核被膜 2.Mitosis有丝分裂 3.Have organells细胞器 植物界：显微藻类Algae 动物界：原生动物Protozoa 菌物界：粘菌Myxomycota 假菌Chromista 真菌fungi Category of Fungi 1.Yeasts (one-celled) 酵母菌 2.Molds(multi-celled) 霉菌 3.Mushrooms 大型真菌，蘑菇 ?Forms: ?Unicellular, multinucleate, multicellula What Are Yeasts? ?True simple fungi of Ascomycetes子囊菌纲 ?Baking or brewing yeast –Saccharomycescerevisiae( 酿酒酵母) ?Yeasts: similar to bacterial colony but –Bigger –Thicker –Opacity 不透明 –Regular (non-movable) –Smell ?Molds: larger, fuzzier（有绒毛） Sub cellular Structure of Yeast ?Capsule荚膜(only in some fungi) ?Cell wall ?Cell membrane –Sterols固醇(zymosterol 酵母甾醇) ?Cytoplasm –Nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus 核仁,ER, mitochondria 线粒体, vacuoles CELL WALL ?Antigenic ?Structure:Multilayered –Carbohydrate chitin几丁质 –Yeast cellulose 酵母纤维素 1.Mannan甘露聚糖: outer 2.Protein 3.Glucan葡聚糖: inner ?Functions: –rigidity, strength and protection Major polysaccharides of （Yeast）fungal cell wall POLYMER聚合物 MONOMER单体 Chitin几丁质 N-acetyl glucosamine Chitosan壳聚糖 D-Glucosamine 葡糖胺 Cellulose纤维素 D-Glucose 葡萄糖 α-Glucan葡聚糖 D-Glucose Mannan甘露聚糖 D-Mannose 甘露糖 ?The type and amount vary by species Metabolism 新陈代谢 ?Undergo both respiration types呼吸作用 –Aerobic 好氧的 Sugars →CO2+ H2O + more ATP –Anaerobic 厌氧的: convert sugars to CO2and ethanol, recovering less of the energy Sugars →CO2+ ethanol + less ATP ?Benefited in baking brewing industries Nutrition of Yeast 营养 ?Yeasts are heterotrophic 异养 1.Require a reduced carbon and nitrogen source (e.g. ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵) 2.Can use a variety of organic nitrogencompounds (urea 尿素,amino acids 3.Also require the vitamin biotin生物素, a variety of salts and trace elements. Fermentation Industry Therapeuctic products from yeasts 治疗性产品 False yeast fungus 拟酵母 1.Asexual 无性的 1.Budding芽殖: u