BasicConceptsSyllables,StressRhythm.ppt

Basic Concepts: Syllables, Stress Rhythm Unit 1 Phonetics Phonology Phonetics the study of production of speech sounds of any language Phonology the study of the system and patterns of speech sounds in a language Phoneme 音位；音素 A phoneme is the smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different from another word. E.g. ‘b’ ‘p’ in ‘big’ ‘pig’; ‘s’ ‘z’ in ‘sip’ ‘zip’ In English, there are 26 letters but 44 phonemes. Among them,20 are vowels and 24 are consonants. Syllables 音节 A vowel is the syllable nucleus. A syllable is part of a word and the basic unit of English rhythm. Syllables are often considered the phonological “building bricks” of words. English words can have one, two, three, or, even more syllables. E.g. pronunciation? 如何划分音节？ 音节的构成： 英语中一个元音构成一个音节，一个元音加上一个或一个以上的辅音也构成一个音节。 音节的划分:元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。一般情况下： a.两辅音字母之间不管有多少个元音字母，一般都是一个音节。如：seat，beau·ty。 b.在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音时，一个辅音字母属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let·ter,?mem·ber,?chil·dren, daugh·ter； c.在两个音节之间有一个辅音字母时，一般辅音字母归后一音节。例如：stu·dent Open Syllable 开音节 With the vowel letter (including ‘y’) at the end, not followed (closed) by any other letter. E.g. me, no, tidy, baby With the vowel letter followed by a mute (soundless) ‘e’ at the end. E.g. die, hoe, true With the vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter (other than ‘r’) and then a mute ‘e’ at the end. E.g. late, rise, take, name, these, bike, home, excuse Closed Syllable 闭音节 With the vowel letter followed by one or more consonants (other than ‘r’). 以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节称为闭音节。 A closed syllable is a syllable that ends in s consonant. E.g. catch, miss, put, hot, mess, beg, egg, fish, cup 元音字母在开音节和闭音节单词中的发音对比： Exercise 下列单词哪些是开音节，那些是闭音节? Coke, hi, catch, book, sky, ride, train, okay 根据音标写出单词: /s?k/, /sla?d/, /bl?k/, /∫?t/ Stress 重音、重读 Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. E.g. ’photograph, pho’tographer, photo’graphic Some syllables receive the primary stress, some the secondary stress