大学选修名词性从句.pptVIP

注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。 试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句） 以上是名词性从句例题解析，下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳： （1）语序 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如： (1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when we’ll complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （2）时态： 学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。 （1）在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如： Mary says that Tom isn’t lazy. Tom is doing well in his lesson. She will ask Tom some questions. Tom may fall behind the others. She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall. She said that 如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如： 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如： (1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2、在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如： (1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided.（主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时) 在动词think, believe, expect, suppose, guess等后带that宾语从句时，若从句是否定句，常将否定词not转移到主句中。如： 3、宾语从句的否定转移： I don’t think (that) it will be cold today. We don’t think you can do it, can you? 注意：这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应采用肯定形式来后问，后问部分应于从句主语一致。 I don’t believe she know it, does she? 4、几组易混引导词的区别。 (1) What 与 that 在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所…的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如： (1) What you have done might do harm to others. (2) What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)I think (that) you will like the stamps. 2、whether