医学文献检索概述幻灯片.pptVIP

Electronic patient records 循证研究文献管理工具 Endnote主要功能 　在线有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站文献：直接从网络有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站相关文献并导入到Endnote的文献库内 ,并实现去重等功能; 　建立文献库和图片库：收藏，管理和有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站个人文献和图片、表格; 　定制文稿：直接在Word中格式化引文和图形，利用文稿模板直接书写合乎杂志社要求的文章 谢　谢！ 仇 晓 春 上海交通大学医学院 信息资源中心 Tel: 021 Email: tsg2@ * This is often referred to as the evidence pyramid. It is used to illustrate the evolution of the literature. The base of the pyramid is where information usually starts with an idea or laboratory research. As these ideas turn into drugs and diagnostic tools they are tested in laboratories models, then in animals, and finally in humans. The human testing may begin with volunteers and go through several phases of clinical trials before the drug or diagnostic tool can be authorized for use within the general population. Randomized controlled trials are then done to further test the effectiveness and efficacy of a drug or therapy. As you move up the pyramid the amount of available literature decreases, but increases in its relevance to the clinical setting. Meta-Analysis takes the systematic review (see below) a step further by using statistical techniques to combine the results of several studies as if they were one large study. Systematic Reviews usually focus on a clinical topic and answer a specific question. Extensive literature searches are conducted to identify studies with sound methodology. The studies are reviewed, assessed, and summarized according to the predetermined criteria of the review question. Randomized Controlled Trials are carefully planned projects that study the effect of a therapy or test on real patients. They include methodologies that reduce the potential for bias and that allow for comparison between intervention groups and control groups (no intervention). Evidence for questions of diagnosis is found in prospective trials which compare tests with a reference or gold standard test. Cohort Studies take a large population and follow patients who have a specific condition or recei