刘向雄：《论语为政第二》.doc

《论语：为政第二》 【本篇引语】 《为政》篇包括24章。本篇主要内容涉及孔子“为政以德”的思想、如何谋求官职和从政为官的基本原则、学习与思考的关系、孔子本人学习和修养的过程、温故而知新的学习方法，以及对孝、悌等道德范畴的进一步阐述。 2?1 为政以德 【原文】子曰：“为政以德①，譬如北辰②，居其所③而众星共④之。” 【注释】 ①为政以德：以道德教化来治理国家。[朱熹]：德之为言得也，得于心而不失也；[钱穆]：德，得也。行道而有得于心……为政者当以己之德性为本，所谓以人治人；[杨伯峻]：德，道德……用道德来治理国政。 ②北辰：北极星。[朱熹]：北极，天之枢也；[钱穆]：北极星，古人谓是天之中心； ③居其所：所：处所，位置。[朱熹]：不动也； ④众星共之：共：同拱，环绕的意思。[范氏]：为政以德，则不动而化、不言而信、无为而成；[朱熹]：共，向也，言众星四面旋绕而归向之也；[钱穆]：众星之围绕归向于北辰而随之旋转；[杨伯峻]：别的星辰都环绕着它。 【译文】 孔子说：“以道德教化来治理国家，就会像北极星那样，处在自己的位置不动，而群星都围绕在它的周围。” 【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】【章解】：【点评】 venture capital investment guarantee mechanisms, talents, positive for special funds, play to the guiding role of financial capital, leveraging features, evolving financial resources, capital, financial capital, protection of social capital into new patterns. 3 innovation environment, optimizing talent, create a good atmosphere. Departments at all levels to put science and technology innovation and talent working in the strategic position of priority development, and full play to the guiding role of Government, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation and the preferential policies, mobilizing the entire societys awareness of innovation, stimulate creativity. Further open service the green channel for talent to provide efficient, convenient, quality service and allow all kinds of talents to focus on innovation, play to our strengths. County-level accreditation in recognition of work in a timely manner, contributing to talent and rewarding scientific and technological achievements to emerge, release patent awards grants, encourage patent applications, social forces are encouraged to set up science and technology awards, create an environment conducive to scientific and technological progress, technological innovation, talent and career policy enviro