2012高考英语轮语法复习(倒装句)学案.doc

2012届高考英语二轮语法复习学案（倒装句） 英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。 （一）倒装句的意义 1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。 eg. May I come in ? Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927? 2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。 Eg.Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came. （二）完全倒装的使用情况 1、在 “there be”（be 可换成live,lie等表状态的动词） 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。 eg. There is a box on the table. 2、在here, there或 now,then等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装） eg. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you. There she comes. 3、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装） eg.Down fell an apple from the tree. 4、将表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示‘存在’的be,lie,stand,exist 时，为保持句子平衡，用完全倒装。 Eg.Opposite our school is a modern primary school. On the table are some flowers. 5.such位于句首。Such were his last words. 6. 在‘主系表’结构为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，将表语部分提前，使用倒装 。 eg.Gone are the days when he was looked down upon . 7当直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首时，且主语是名词（短语）时，用倒装结构。 eg.“Very well,” said the French student. （三）使用部分倒装的情况 1、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。 eg. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army. 2、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。 eg. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk. Only in this way can we learn English well. 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。 eg. Only Wang Lili knows this. 3、表示方式、频度的副词位于句首时。 Many a time has the monitor helped me with my English. 4、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。 eg. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad. Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 5、as引导让步状语从句